Skip to main content
Articles

The Influence of Organizational Commitment, Work Flexibility and Work Load on Employee Performance with Innovative Work Behavior as an Intervening Variable at PT. Ruang Raya Indonesia

  • 1* University of August 17, 1945 Surabaya
  • 2,3 Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Surabaya

* Corresponding Author: Sari Dewi Kusumaningrum

Open Access
Published
Pages
152-166

Issue

Vol. 5 No. 2 (2025)

Indonesian Journal Economic Review (IJER)
October

Abstract

PT. Ruang Raya Indonesia (Ruangguru) is the largest technology company in Indonesia that focuses on education-based services. Ruangguru develops various technology-based learning services, including virtual classroom services, online platform tests, subscription learning videos, private tutoring marketplaces, and other educational content that can be accessed through the Ruangguru website and application. Ruangguru has a mission to provide and expand access to quality education through technology for all students, anytime and anywhere, and also aims to improve the quality of teachers by creating jobs and additional income for teachers in Indonesia. Ruangguru believes that by improving the quality of teachers, the quality of education in Indonesia will also improve, and is determined to continue to develop our services and collaborate with various parties to achieve the desired goals. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of organizational commitment, work flexibility, and workloadon employee performance with innovative work behavior as an intervening variable at PT. Ruang Raya Indonesia. This study uses a quantitative method with primary data sources obtained from distributing questionnaires. The research population is employees of PT. Ruang Raya Indonesia. The selection of respondents was carried out using the saturated non-probability sampling method with a total of 93 respondents. The data analysis method uses descriptive analysis and SEM-PLS analysis. The results of the study indicate that the variables of organizational commitment, work flexibility, and workloadaffect employee performance with innovative work behavior as an intervening variable at PT. Ruang Raya Indonesia.

Keywords

How to Cite

Kusumaningrum, S. D., Andjarwati, T., & Nugroho, R. (2025). The Influence of Organizational Commitment, Work Flexibility and Work Load on Employee Performance with Innovative Work Behavior as an Intervening Variable at PT. Ruang Raya Indonesia. Indonesian Journal Economic Review (IJER), 5(2), 152-166. https://doi.org/10.59431/ijer.v5i2.580

References

  • Abidin, Y., Mulyati, T., & Yunansah, H. (2018). Strategy Literacy Learning to Improve Mathematics, Science, Reading, and Writing Literacy Skills. Jakarta: Bumi Aksara.
  • Aditya, D. N. R., & Ardana, K. (2016).The influence of organizational climate, transformational leadership, self-efficacy on innovative work behavior(Doctoral dissertation, Udayana University).
  • Ahdianita, F. C. N., & Setyaningrum, R. P. (2024). The Effect of Work Flexibility, Work-Life Balance, and Job Satisfaction of Millennial Employees. Eduvest-Journal of Universal Studies, 4(4), 1875-1889.
  • Akbar, A., Al Musadieq, M., & Mukzam, M. D. (2017).The influence of organizational commitment on performance (Study on PT Pelindo Surabaya employees)(Doctoral dissertation, Brawijaya University).
  • Alheet, A., Adwan, A., Areiqat, A., Zamil, A., & Saleh, M. (2021). The effect of leadership styles on employees’ innovative work behavior. Management Science Letters, 11(1), 239-246.
  • Allen, N. J. & J. P. Meyer (1997). Commitment in The Workplace Theory Research and Application. Sage Publications, California.
  • Anser, M. K., Yousaf, Z., Khan, A., & Usman, M. (2021). Towards innovative work behavior through knowledge management infrastructure capabilities: Mediating role of functional flexibility and knowledge sharing. European Journal of Innovation Management, 24(2), 461-480.
  • Ardan, M., & Jaelani, A. (2021). Human Resource Management: Turnover Intention Can Affect the Quality of Company Performance. Cv. Pena Persada.
  • Armstrong, M. (2019).Armstrong’s Handbook Of Performance Manajemen. An Evi Dence-Based Quide To Delivering High Performance. India: By Replika Press Pvt L Td.
  • Astianto, A. (2014). The Influence of Work Stress and Workload on the Performance of PDAM Surakarta Employees.Journal of Management Science and ResearchVol. 3 No. 7
  • Astuti, D. (2022). The influence of organizational commitment and organizational culture on employee performance.Journal of Accounting and Business Management, 2(2), 55-68.
  • Astuti, R. J., & Setyorini, A. B. (2024). The Mediating Role of Innovative Work Behavior on the Influence of Knowledge Sharing and Organizational Learning on Employee Performance.EKOMA: Journal of Economics, Management, Accounting, 3(4), 946-962.
  • Awan, K., & Ahmad, G. (2024). Organizational Climate and Innovative Work Behaviour: The Mediating Role of Workload and Teaching Motivation. Pakistan Journal of Psychological Research, 39(4), 723-746.
  • Balouch, R., & Hassan, F. (2014). Determinants of job satisfaction and its impact on employee performance and turnover intentions. International Journal of Learning & Development, 4(2), 120-140.
  • Berliana, V., & Arsanti, T. A. (2018). Analysis of the Influence of Self-Efficacy, Capability, and Innovative Work Behavior on Performance.Maksipreneur Journal: Management, Cooperatives, and Entrepreneurship, 7(2), 149-161.
  • Buruck, G., Pfarr, A. L., Penz, M., Wekenborg, M., Rothe, N., & Walther, A. (2020). The Influence of workload and work flexibility on work-life conflict and the role of emotional exhaustion. Behavioral Sciences, 10(11), 174.
  • Damayanti, Ratna Ayu, St. Ramlah, (2020), Building the Concept of Tendency to Fraud in the Fraud Triangle Concept (Synthesis of Theory and Relevant Empirical Research), Mirai Management Journal, Vol 5(1):96-113.
  • Davis and Newstrom.1985.Human Behavior at Work; Organizational Behavior, International Edition, Singapore;Mc Graw Hill Book Company.
  • Dewi, I. A. (2024). The Influence of Work Flexibility and Self Efficacy on Employee Performance in Bekasi District. Review: Journal of Multidisciplinary in Social Sciences, 1(06), 187-193.
  • Dhania, D. R. (2010). The Influence of Work Stress, Workload on Job Satisfaction (Journal of Psychology).Mulia Kudus University. Volume 1 Number, 1.
  • Dole, Carol and Schroeder, Richard G. (2001). The Impact of Varios Factors on the Personality, Job Satisfaction and Turn Over Intentions of Profesional Accountants. Managerial Auditing Journal, Vol. 16 No. 4.
  • Elshifa, A., Anjarini, A. D., & Kharis, A. J. (2019). The Influence of Quality of Work Life and Use of Information Technology on Innovative Work Behavior of Lecturers Mediated by Organizational Commitment (Study on Lecturers at Pusmanu Pekalongan Polytechnic).Economicus, 13(2), 189-200.
  • Erlani, E., Hendri, M. I., & Kalis, M. C. I. (2024). The Influence of Competence and Organizational Culture on the Performance of Employees at Drs. Jacobus Luna M. Si Hospital, Bengkayang Regency with Organizational Commitment as an Intervening Variable.Equator Journal of Management and Entrepreneurship (EJME), 12(2), 190-211.
  • Fitriza, R., & Ending. (2020). The Relationship between Psychological Capital and Innovative Work Behavior in the Creative Industry (Study on Employees of XYZ Company.Journal of Psychogenesis, 4(1), 703-714.
  • Ghozali, Imam and Hengky Latan (2015).Partial Least Squares Engineering Concept and Application with Smart PLS 3.0 Program. Semarang: Diponegoro University, Semarang.
  • Gnanlet, A., Sharma, L., McDermott, C., & Yayla-Kullu, M. (2021). Impact of workforce flexibility on quality of care: moderating effects of workload and severity of illness. International Journal of Operations & Production Management, 41(12), 1785-1806.
  • Hadi, S. & Mardikaningsih, R. (2020). The Influence of Innovative Behavior and Work Engagement on Employee Performance.Baruna Horizon Journal, 3(1), 1-7.
  • Hair, J. F., Ringler, H., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2021). A Primer on Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) Third Edition (3rd ed.). Sage Publisher.
  • Hart, P.M. & Cooper, C.L. (2001), Occupational Stress: Toward a More Integrated Framework. In N. Anderson, D.S. Ones, H.K. Sinangil, & C. Viswesvaran (Eds), Handbook of Industrial, Work and Organizational Psychology (vol 2: Personnel Psychology). London: Sage. (ISBN: 0 7619 6489 4)
  • Hasibuan, Malay SP. (2021).Human Resource Management, Fourteenth printing, Jakarta, Publisher: Bumi Aksara.
  • Hastuti, R., & Timming, A. R. (2023). Can HRM predict mental health crises? Using HR analytics to unpack the link between employment and suicidal thoughts and behaviors. Personnel Review, 52(6), 1728-1746.
  • Himpi, P., & Sinaga, M. (2024). The effect of work involvement and organizational culture on performance mediated by innovative behavior.Journal of Practical Management Studies, 2(1), 09-14.
  • Indrajita, I. K., Sadiartha, A. N. G., & Mahayasa, I. G. A. (2021). The Influence of Creativity and Innovation on Employee Performance at PT. Tohpati Grafika Utama Denpasar.WidyaAmrita: Journal of Management, Entrepreneurship and Tourism, 1(1), 1-13.
  • Irawati, R., & Carollina, D. A. (2017). Analysis of the influence of workload on employee operator performance at PT Giken Precision Indonesia.Inovbiz: Journal of Business Innovation, 5(1), 51-58.
  • Irwansyah, I., & Ferine, K. F. (2024, June). The Influence of Work Flexibility on Employee Performance in The Kutambaru District Office. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Multidisciplinary Science (INTISARI) (Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 82-89).
  • Jafri, M. H. (2010). Organizational commitment and employee's innovative behavior: A study in retail sector. Journal of Management Research, 10(1), 62-68.
  • Janssen O (2000) Job demands, perceptions of efort–reward fairness and innovative work behavior. J Occup Organ Psychol 73:287–302
  • Javed, A., Anas, M., Abbas, M., & Khan, A. I. (2017). Flexible Human Resource Management And Firm Innovativeness: The Mediating Role Of Innovative Work Behavior. Journal of HRM, 20(1).
  • Junianto, I., Isabella, I., & Kencana, N. (2020). Analysis of employee performance at the Gelumbang Village Office, Muara Enim Regency.Journal of Government and Politics, 5(1).
  • Kezia Sarah, Eunike Alinda & Deborah (2014). The Effect of Schedule Flexibility on Turnover Intention with Job Satisfaction as an Intermediary Variable at Surabaya Plaza Hotel,Journal of the Faculty of Management, Petra Christian University, Surabayaa, November 2014
  • Khan, T. I., Kaewsaeng-on, R., & Saeed, I. (2019). Impact of workload on innovative performance: Moderating role of extrovert. Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews, 7(5), 123-133.
  • Kisdayanti, L., & Farida, N. (2023). The influence of mental health on the performance of private employees in the Surabaya City area.JEMBA: Journal of Economics, Management, Business and Accounting, 2(4), 399-404
  • Linda, Muthia Roza (2014). Analysis of the Influence of Workload, Work Environment and Work Motivation on the Performance of Employees of the Regional Civil Service Agency of Pesisir Selatan Regency, Volume 2, No. 4.
  • Luthans, Fred, (1985) Organizational Behavior, 5th ed, Singapore, Mc Graw-Hill Book Co.
  • Mangkunegara, A.A. Anwar Prabu (2019).Human Resource Management. Company. Bandung: Rosdakarya Youth.
  • Maserati, G. G. (2020). The Effect of Work Stress and Coronavirus Anxiety on Mental Well-Being in the Millennial Generation
  • McShane, S. L., & Von Glinow, M. A. (2010). Organizational Behavior: Emerging Knowledge and Practice for The Real World (5th ed.). New York: The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
  • Mellanie and Jufri, Ali (2019). The Effect of Workload and Job Stress on Turnover Intention (Case Study of Marketing Employees of PT. Jaya Mandiri Gemasejati, Ciledug Branch). Vol. 16 No. 2.
  • Monika, S. (2018). Workload and Job Stress on Employee Performance at PT. Galamedia Bandung Perkasa.Cereal For, 51(1), 51.
  • Muhamad, L. F., Bakti, R., Febriyantoro, M. T., Kraugusteeliana, K., & Ausat, A. M. A. (2023). Do innovative work behavior and organizational commitment create business performance: A literature review. Community Development Journal: Community Service Journal, 4(1), 713-717.
  • Mujanah, S. (2020). The Effect of Self-Efficacy, Competence, and Emotional Quotient on Employee Performance Through Career Development as an Intervening Variable on Companies. 115(Insyma), 58–62.https://doi.org/10.2991/aebmr.k.200127.012
  • Munandar, Sjabadhyni, Wutun (2004).The Role of Organizational Culture in Improving Company Performance, PIO, Depok.
  • Nasir , N. , Halimatussakdiah , H. , Suryani , I. , Zuhra , S. E. , Armia , S. , & Mahdani , M. (2019, January). How intrinsic motivation and innovative work behavior affect job performance. In 1st Aceh Global Conference (AGC 2018) (pp. 606-612). Atlantis Press.
  • Nazir, Moh (2019).Research methods. Bogor: Ghalia Indonesia.
  • Noerchoidah, N., Harjanti, D., & Suprapto, W. (2021). Knowledge Sharing and Job Performance: The Mediating Role of Innovative Work Behavior.Business Journal, 22(2), 135-159.
  • Noviaristanti, S., & Boon, O. H. (2022). Sustainable Future: Trends, Strategies and Development: Proceedings of the 3rd Conference on Managing Digital Industry, Technology and Entrepreneurship, (CoMDITE 2022), Bandung, Indonesia, 24 May 2022. CRC Press, Florida.
  • Nurcahyo, S. A. (2024). Increasing innovative work behavior through quality of work life and career development as mediating variables of case study on employees of PT Cisarua Mountain Dairy (CIMORY) Semarang Regency branch.Journal of Economics and Business, 25(1), 20-35.
  • Posumah, N. H., & Moridu, I. (2022, January). The Influence Of Organizational Commitment On Employee Performance. In The International Conference on Education, Social Sciences and Technology (ICESST) (Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 203-209).
  • Prasetyo, B., & Trisyanti, U. (2019).Industrial Revolution 4.0 and the Challenges of Social Change. of proceeding series.
  • Prawitasari, M. D. (2021).The Influence of Flexible Work Arrangements on Employee Performance in the Covid-19 Pandemic Era with the Mediating Role of Innovative Work Behavior (Case Study at the Ministry of Religion of Yogyakarta City)(Doctoral dissertation, STIE YKPN).
  • Primandaru, N., & Prawitasari, M. D. (2022). The Impact of Flexible Work Arrangements on Employee Performance: The Mediating Role of Innovative Work Behavior During the Covid-19 Pandemic.Procuratio: Scientific Journal of Management, 10(1), 1-13.
  • Rafifah, P. S., Maulana, A., & Gunawan, E. (2022). The Influence of Workplace Well-Being and Mental Health on Employee Performance at PT Mega Hotel Lestari.SOSMANIORA: Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 1(4), 448-456.
  • Rahayuningsih Sri. (2018). The Influence of Job Stress, Job Satisfaction, Compensation and Job Insecurity on Turnover Intention Journal Of Management And Business. Vol. 3, No. 1.
  • Rahman, M. F. W., Kistyanto, A., & Surjanti, J. (2020). Flexible work arrangements in COVID-19 pandemic era, influence employee performance: The mediating role of innovative work behavior. International Journal of Management, Innovation & Entrepreneurial Research, 6(2), 10-22.
  • Rivai Dan Ella Sagala, (2021), Human Resource Management For Companies, Eagle Press, Jakarta
  • Robbin, Stephen (2021). Organizational Behavior, Prenhalindo, Jakarta
  • Robbins, Stephen, P. and Timothy, A. Judge, (2018). Organizational Behavior, Twelfth Edition, Salemba Empat, Jakarta.
  • Robbins, Stephen. (2019). Human Resource Management, PT. Sinar Abadi, Jakarta.
  • Romindo, A. A., Abdurohim, S. R., Faidal, Y. H., Mujanah, Z. A. A. K. N. S. S., & Baedowi, Hanna Meilani Damanik Nugroho B, S. M. (2023).Human Resource Management in the Era of Digital Transformation. CV. ISTANA AGENCY. Yogyakarta.
  • Shanker, R., Bhanugopan, R., Heijden, B. I. J. M. Van Der, & Farrell, M. (2017).Organizational climate for innovation and organizational performance : The mediating effect of innovative work behavior Doi link to publisher : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2017.02.004 Version of the following full text : Publisher ’ s version Published . 2017, 67–77.
  • Sholihin, M. and Ratmono, D. (2020).SEM-PLS Analysis with WarpPLS 7.0 for Nonlinear Relationships in Social and Business ResearchEdition 2. Yogyakarta: Andi Offset.
  • Singodimedjo, Markum (2017.Human Resource Management. Surabaya: SMMAS.
  • Sitorus, T. H., & Siagian, H. L. (2023). Workload and Work Flexibility on Job Satisfaction with Motivation as a Mediator.Journal of Management and Bussines (JOMB), 5(2), 1182-1194.
  • Sofyan, P., & Elmi, F. (2024). The Influence of Work Flexibility and Work Life Balance with Job Training as a Moderating Variable on Consultant Job Satisfaction in DKI Jakarta.Journal of Accounting, Management, and Policy Planning, 2(1), 21-21.
  • Solimun, Achmad, A. (2017). Multivariate Statistical Methods of Structural Equation Modeling(SEM) WarpPLS Approach. UB Press.
  • Sumiati, S. (2021). The role of motivation as mediation in improving employee performance in the government of Surabaya City, East Java. Journal of Management and Entrepreneurship, 23(1), 52-60.
  • Suryaningtyas, D. O., & Fauzi, A. (2024). Literature Study of Determinant Factors Affecting Turnover Intention in Gen Z in Several Company Sectors in Indonesia.Journal of Accounting and Business Management, 4(2), 44-53.
  • Sutrisno, Edy (2021).Human Resource Management.Publisher: Jakarta, Kencana.
  • Van Zyl, L. E., van Oort, A., Rispens, S., & Olckers, C. (2021). Work engagement and task performance within a global Dutch ICT-consulting firm: The mediating role of innovative work behaviors. Current Psychology, 40(8), 4012-4023.
  • Vanchapo, A.R. (2020).Workload and Job Stress. CV. Publisher Qiara Media
  • Vuong, B. N., Tushar, H., & Hossain, S. F. A. (2022). The effect of social support on job performance through organizational commitment and innovative work behavior: does innovative climate matter?. Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Administration, 15(5), 832-854.
  • Wardani, P. S., & Azzahra, F. (2024). The Effect of Work Stress and Flexible Work Arrangement (FWA) on Employee Performance with Job Satisfaction as an Intervening Variable on Employees of PT Federal International Finance, Grobogan Regency.JMBPreneur: Journal of Management, Business, and Entrepreneurship, 4(02), 1-12.
  • Waskito, M., & Putri, A. R. (2021). The Effect of Compensation and Job Satisfaction on Turnover Intention of Office Employees at PT Cipta Nugraha Contrindo.Journal of Economics and Business, 118.
  • Werther, William B, and Keith Davis (2019).Human Resources and Personnel Management, Sixthth, McGraw-Hill, Inc, New York.
  • Wexley, & Yukl. (2018). Organizational Behavior and Personnel Psychology, Translated by M. Shobaruddin (Second). PT. Rineka Cipta.https://opac.perpusnas.go.id/DetailOpac.aspx?id=529116
  • Wibowo. (2019).Human Resource Management. Jakarta: Earth of Letters.
  • Widiastuti, R., & Kusmaryani, E. (2020). The Relationship Between Leader Member Exchange and Innovative Work Behavior: A Study of Employees with Female Leaders.Acta Psychology, 2(1), 183-199.

Author Biographies

  • Sari Dewi Kusumaningrum, University of August 17, 1945 Surabaya

    Master of Management Study Program, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas 17  Agustus 1945 Surabaya. Surabaya City, East Java Province, Indonesia.

  • Tri Andjarwati, Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Surabaya

    Master of Management Study Program, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Surabaya. Surabaya City, East Java Province, Indonesia.

  • Riyadi Nugroho, Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Surabaya

    Master of Management Study Program, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas 17  Agustus 1945 Surabaya. Surabaya City, East Java Province, Indonesia.

License

Copyright (c) 2025 Indonesian Journal Economic Review (IJER)

This is an open-access journal. All articles are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Under this license, you are free to:

  • Share: Copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format.
  • Adapt: Remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially.

Attribution Requirements:
You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.

Copyright and Retention:
Authors retain copyright without restrictions and grant this journal the right of first publication under an open-access model. The journal retains non-exclusive publishing rights for archiving, indexing, and scholarly dissemination.

Usage Statistics

Similar Articles

View all similar articles

Most read articles by the same author(s)