Pembatalan Sepihak dan Konsekuensinya Terhadap Down Payment pada Jual Beli Minyak Kelapa Murni dalam Perspektif Ba'i al-‘Urbun (Studi Kasus Transaksi Pembelian Minyak Kelapa Murni di Kecamatan Suka Jaya Ie Meulee, Kota Sabang)

Abstract

This study aims to examine unilateral cancellation in the sale and purchase of virgin coconut oil in Gampong Ie Meulee, Sabang City, through the perspective of Ba’i al-Urbun. The primary focus of the research is to analyze the impact of unilateral cancellation on the down payment (panjar) made by the buyer. The methodology used combines a normative-sociological approach with data collection techniques through field and library research. Data was gathered through interviews, observations, and documentation involving sellers, buyers, and coconut distributors. The results show that unilateral cancellations frequently occur in transactions, either due to delays in payment settlement or changes in the buyer’s decision. In the Ba’i al-Urbun system, the down payment made by the buyer becomes the seller’s right if the transaction is canceled. Such cancellations cause losses to the seller, especially if the production process has already begun. To mitigate this risk, the seller has implemented a policy where the down payment is non-refundable if the transaction is canceled. From an Islamic law perspective, although the Ba’i al-Urbun system is valid when in line with the agreement, unilateral cancellations without valid reasons contradict the principles of justice in muamalah. This study recommends the need for clear agreements between both parties to avoid losses resulting from unilateral cancellations.